Hydrological Land Cover Classification - GIS Layer


File ID: 420393AD-E9D3-4DA6-B015-A89B7E2AD1FE
Hierarchy Level: dataset
Abstract: Two data sets that show land cover for the Upper Waikato Catchment (Karapiro Dam to Lake Taupo gates) as at 1992/1996 and 2001/2002. The data uses a very simple land cover classification that groups land cover types together if they have similar hydrological characteristics
Statement: The data was created specifically for the purposes of estimating land use change over time for the Upper Waikato catchment using broad land cover classes that have similar hydrological characteristics. This is a River and Catchment Services project that is investigating the hydrological effects of land use change in this catchment. The data is considered final as at 10/10/07. However, future updates of similar data sets may be asked for as new source data becomes available.
Keywords: Hydrology,Land cover
Topic Category: inlandWaters:inland water features, drainage systems and their characteristics
Resource Reference Date: 20/12/2007
Metadata URL: https://data.waikatoregion.govt.nz:8443/ords/f?p=140:12:0::NO::P12_METADATA_ID:974

Responsible Parties

Role: author
Position:
Organisation: Waikato Regional Council
Delivery Point: 160 Ward Street
City: Hamilton Central
Postal Code: 3204
Country: New Zealand
Phone:
Fax:
Email:

Metadata

Language: English
Character Set: utf8
Standard: ANZLIC
Standard Version: 1.1

Metadata Constraints

Access Constraints: copyright
Use Constraints: copyright

Download Links

URLFormatNotes

Supporting Information Links

URLFormatNotes

General Notes: GIS_ALL.INDIGENOUS_VEGETATION_1992 Metadata (EWDOCS # 881138) Leathwick, J.R.; Clarkson, B.D. and Whaley, P.T. 1995: Vegetation in the Waikato Region: Current and Historical Perspectives. Landcare Research Contract Report LC9596/022, Hamilton. GIS_ALL.LANDCOVER_DATABASE Metadata (EWDOCS # 881315) SPOT Satellite Imagery Metadata (EWDOCS # 881405) GIS_ALL.LANDCOVER_DATABASE2 Metadata (EWDOCS # 933628) New Zealand Land Cover Database Version 2 – Illustrated Guide to Target Classes (EWDOCS #‘s 1147074 and 1147076) Effects of Land Use Change on the Hydrology of the Waikato River Catchment Between Karapiro and Taupo: Project Brief (EWDOCS # 1182496) Effect of Pine Pasture Conversions in The Upper Waikato River Catchment on Flood Hydrology (EWDOCS # 1190039) Upper Waikato River Catchment: Effect of land Use Changes on Flood Hydrology; Hydro Lake Flood Routing (EWDOCS # 1223998)

BIODIVERSITY.sdeadmin.LANDCOVER_HYDRO_CLASS_01_02

 
File Identifier: 6A67D9B1-D9B2-4237-96EC-F5CBFEF8FA44 Parent Identifier: ECFAED67-F1AD-4B3A-A37F-84A5A00D19D1
Hierarchy Level: feature Hierarchy Level Name:feature of Hydrological Land Cover Classification - GIS Layer
Abstract: Land cover for the Upper Waikato Catchment (Karapiro Dam to Lake Taupo gates) as at 2001/2002.
Statement: Hydrological_Land_Cover_2001_2002 is derived directly from LCDB2 and this shares the same data quality issues as the source data (see EWDOCS # 933628). The Hydrological Landcover Class is based on a matrix, as found in EWDOCS # 1226453, which generalizes the classification and this has implications for the accuracy of the attributes. This will be discussed in the next section. It should be noted that in this study it was assumed areas of Deciduous Hardwoods were likely to be wetlands, even though this may not always be the case.
Other Information: Data aquisition: 1. Consult with Ghassan Basheer and Murray Mulholland as to the requirements of the job and land cover classes needing to be mapped. 2. Query out Upper Waikato catchment from GIS_ALL.REC_CATCHMENT where LEVEL_III_NAME = 'Lake Karapiro to Taupo Gates'. 3. Intersect GIS_ALL.LANDCOVER_DATABASE2 with Upper Waikato Catchment. 4. Intersect GIS_ALL.INDIGENOUS_VEGETATION_1992 with Upper Waikato Catchment. 5. Intersect GIS_ALL.LANDCOVER_DATABASE with Upper Waikato Catchment. 6. Compare land cover classes from above three intersect queries, using accompanying documentation, in a matrix to draft simple land cover classes that are common across all three data sets and share hydrological characteristics (see EWDOCS # 1226453). 7. Get Yanbin Deng, WRC’s Terrestrial Ecologist, to check and confirm groupings of the land cover classes from the three source data sets into broader land cover classes (hereon forthwith called “hydrological land cover classes”) of Agricultural and Horticultural Surfaces, Bare and Impervious Surfaces, Plantation Forest, Indigenous Vegetation, Scrub and Unmanaged Areas, Open Water and Wetland Surfaces. 8. Confirm the broad classes with Murray. 9. Create a join table that relates LCDB2 land cover classes to the hydrological land cover classes. 10. Join this table to the LCDB2 data by LCDB2 land cover class. 11. Analytical merge the above query by hydrological land cover class and output to a feature class called Hydrological_Land_Cover_2001_2002. 12. Analyze and fix Geometry. 13. Analyze and automatically fix connectivity at 1m tolerance Attribute accuracy: A matrix was used to group the classes from RIVI 1992, LCDB1 and LCDB2 into simple broad hydrologically related land cover classes. Classes in RIVI 1992 were compared to classes in LCDB1 and LCDB2. In many cases this is like comparing apples with oranges as they use different classifications but it was found that the data sets could be roughly grouped into five broad land cover classes that shared similar hydrological characteristics (Agricultural and Horticultural Surfaces, Bare and Impervious Surfaces, Plantation Forest, Indigenous Vegetation, Scrub and Unmanaged Areas, Open Water and Wetland Surfaces). This does result in some generalisations and assumptions that may not be strictly scientifically correct such as; Landslides go under the Bare and Impervious Surfaces class as it’s hydrological characteristics are more similar to Bare and Impervious surfaces than any of the other five surfaces; or, Tussock Grassland goes under Indigenous Vegetation, Scrub and Unmanaged Areas class as it’s hydrological characteristics are generally more similar to Indigenous Vegetation, Scrub and Unmanaged Areas than agricultural or horticultural surfaces. Discrepancies between the classifications and boundaries mapped in RIVI 1992 and LCDB1 and LCDB2 meant that it was impossible to separate indigenous forest from indigenous shrubland and exotic shrubland without having considerable errors in any subsequent analysis. However, it was satisfactory to group them together as Indigenous Vegetation, Scrub and Unmanaged Areas in the context of this project. The final matrix was checked and confirmed by WRC’s terrestrial ecologist by comparing the classification descriptions from all source data sets to see if the classifications were similar in nature and could be grouped under the broader hydrological land cover class. See EWDOCS # 1226453 for the comparison matrix. It should be noted that in this study it was assumed areas of Deciduous Hardwoods were likely to be wetlands, even though this may not always be the case. As mentioned above, in order to create Hydrological_Land_Cover_1992_1996, data had to be sourced from three different data sets from three different times, RIVI 1992, LCDB1 1996 and LCDB2 2001/2002. RIVI 1992 data was available for 49% of the Upper Waikato Catchment when including the Water and Shore data from LCDB2. This RIVI 1992 data was predominantly the secondary and primary vegetation types in units over 25-50 hectares. While this data is dated 1992 it needs to again be emphasized that this data was derived from various sources as old as 1961 and as recent as 1993. What was left unmapped was 51% of the Upper Waikato Catchment, the bulk of this being pastoral land of which all that inside the Waikato regional boundary could be inferred from LCDB1 data. This means that a large portion of the Upper Waikato catchment’s land cover for this data set actually is dated as at 1996, not 1992. However, the bulk of this 1996 data was deemed to be unlikely to have changed much from 1992. Most Exotic Forestry blocks only show mature forestry that would have been present in 1992. Some shrubland may have been cleared between 1992 and 1996 but the total amount is probably negligible on the scale of land use change for the whole Upper Waikato catchment. The final gap in the Hydrological_Land_Cover_1992_1996 data set was some 5,358 ha of land, or 1.2% of the total Upper Waikato catchment, found on the perimeter of the catchment, that was outside the Waikato Regional boundary. Some Spot 3 satellite imagery from 1996, LCDB2 and NZMS260 topomaps were the only data sets available for these areas. All these data sets indicated these areas consisted of either mature exotic forestry or clearfell, mature shrubland, indigenous forest or small areas of pastoral land. All of these areas were relatively remote and given the stable nature of the land uses present as at 2002 it was deemed satisfactory to infer the LCDB2 data to the final gap in the Hydrological_Land_Cover_1992_1996 data set for these areas There are no significant gaps in the coverage for the entire Upper Waikato catchment. The use of inference from more recent data sets, plus sourcing data from some much older data information, combined with differences in the specifications and classifications used in each data set and the generalization of land cover classes into broad but similar hydrological land cover classes means that both Hydrological_Land_Cover_2001_2002 and Hydrological_Land_Cover_1992_1996 should be considered indicative only. Any maps, analysis or statistics using these two data sets should also be considered indicative only. It is unknown as to the actual percentage error in the classification but a very rough estimate for the whole Upper Waikato catchment is +/- 5%
Keywords: Hydrology
Topic Category: inlandWaters:inland water features, drainage systems and their characteristics
Resource Reference Date: 20/12/2007

Metadata Constraints

Access Constraints: copyright
Use Constraints: copyright

Maintenance Information

Maintenance frequency: asNeeded
Last Load Date: 29/02/2020

Spatial Representation Information

Recommended Scale:
Reference System: EPSG2193
Spatial Representation Type: vector

VectorGridGeographic Bounding Box
GeometricObjectType : surface
geometricObjectCount : 3721
topologyLevel : geometryOnly
Number of Dimensions : 2
Cell Geometry :
Transformation Param Available : N
westBoundLongitude : 1907263.276
eastBoundLongitude : 1820463.705
southBoundLatitude : 5692312.057
northBoundLatitude : 5800853.303

Responsible Parties

Role: author
Position:
Organisation: Waikato Regional Council
Delivery Point: 160 Ward Street
City: Hamilton Central
Postal Code: 3204
Country: New Zealand
Phone:
Fax:
Email:

Data Constraints

Data Access Constraints : copyright
Data Use Constraints: copyright
Data Distribution: Third party, internal permission
Licence Type : To be determined
Licence:
Licence Expiry:
Licence Conditions:
Copyright : Any maps, images, data, figures or statistics showing or derived from these two data sets must show the following acknowledgements and disclaimers: “Land cover data sourced from Waikato Regional Council and derived from RIVI 1992, LCDB1 and/or LCDB2 data sets. This data should be considered indicative only and not be applied to catchments smaller than 10,000 hectares.”
Data Disclaimers : The standard Waikato Regional Council Disclaimer applies to this data “While Waikato Regional Council has exercised all reasonable skill and care in controlling the contents of this information, Waikato Regional Council accepts no liability in contract, tort or otherwise howsoever, for any loss, damage, injury or expense (whether direct, indirect or consequential) arising out of the provision of this information or its use by you.”
Data Use Limits :

Download Links

URLFormatNotes

Supporting Information Links

URLFormatNotes

General Notes:

Attribute Information

NameDescriptionNotesRestrictedPrimary Key
HYDROLOGICAL_LANDCOVER_CLASS Text (50) = (Agricultural and Horticultural Surfaces, Bare and Impervious Surfaces, Plantation Forest, Indigenous Vegetation, Scrub and Unmanaged Areas, Open Water and Wetland Surfaces) N N
GEOMETRY N N
ID Primary key N N

BIODIVERSITY.sdeadmin.LANDCOVER_HYDRO_CLASS_92_96

 
File Identifier: 588088C5-4D2F-4F7E-8755-C4BB815FA6B4 Parent Identifier: ECFAED67-F1AD-4B3A-A37F-84A5A00D19D1
Hierarchy Level: feature Hierarchy Level Name:feature of Hydrological Land Cover Classification - GIS Layer
Abstract: Land cover for the Upper Waikato Catchment (Karapiro Dam to Lake Taupo gates) as at 1992/1996
Statement: Hydrological_Land_Cover_1992_1996 is derived directly from RIVI 1992, LCDB1 and LCDB2 and this shares the same data quality issues as the source data (see EWDOCS #’s 881138, 881315 and 933628 respectively). The Hydrological Landcover Class is based on a matrix, as found in EWDOCS # 1226453, which generalizes the classification and this has implications for the accuracy of the attributes. This will be discussed in the next section.
Other Information: Data aquisition: 1. Consult with Ghassan Basheer and Murray Mulholland as to the requirements of the job and land cover classes needing to be mapped. 2. Query out Upper Waikato catchment from GIS_ALL.REC_CATCHMENT where LEVEL_III_NAME = 'Lake Karapiro to Taupo Gates'. 3. Intersect GIS_ALL.LANDCOVER_DATABASE2 with Upper Waikato Catchment. 4. Intersect GIS_ALL.INDIGENOUS_VEGETATION_1992 with Upper Waikato Catchment. 5. Intersect GIS_ALL.LANDCOVER_DATABASE with Upper Waikato Catchment. 6. Compare land cover classes from above three intersect queries, using accompanying documentation, in a matrix to draft simple land cover classes that are common across all three data sets and share hydrological characteristics (see EWDOCS # 1226453). 7. Get Yanbin Deng, WRC’s Terrestrial Ecologist, to check and confirm groupings of the land cover classes from the three source data sets into broader land cover classes (hereon forthwith called “hydrological land cover classes”) of Agricultural and Horticultural Surfaces, Bare and Impervious Surfaces, Plantation Forest, Indigenous Vegetation, Scrub and Unmanaged Areas, Open Water and Wetland Surfaces. 8. Confirm the broad classes with Murray. 9. Create a join table that relates Indigenous Vegetation 1992 land cover classes to the hydrological land cover classes. 10. Join this table to the Indigenous Vegetation 1992 data by Indigenous Vegetation 1992 land cover class. 11. Analytical merge the above query by hydrological land cover class and output to a feature class called Hydrological_Land_Cover_1992_1996_draft. - To append the ‘Water and Shore’ data from Hydrological_Land_Cover_2001_2002 to Hydrological_Land_Cover_1992_1996_draft (Water and Shore land cover is not expected to change over the temporal scale of the project and the more recent data is deemed to be more accurate). 12. Use spatial difference to subtract any overlapping geometry of Hydrological_Land_Cover_2001_2002 where Hydrological_Landcover_Class = ‘Water and Shore’ from Hydrological_Land_Cover_1992_1996_draft. 13. Query out from Hydrological_Land_Cover_2001_2002 where Hydrological_Landcover_Class = ‘Water and Shore’. 14. Select above query by legend entry and insert area by face into Hydrological_Land_Cover_1992_1996_draft. 15. For Hydrological_Land_Cover_1992_1996_draft Update attributes of Hydrological_Landcover_Class where cells are Null to be ‘Water and Shore’. - To append LCDB1 data to Hydrological_Land_Cover_1992_1996_draft where there is no data for Indigenous Vegetation 1992. 16. Use spatial difference to subtract Hydrological_Land_Cover_1992_1996_draft from Upper Waikato Catchment. Call output RIVI_Not_Mapped. 17. Intersect LCDB1 data in Upper Waikato Catchment that overlays RIVI_Not_Mapped. 18. Analytical merge above query by LCDB1 land cover class and call output LCDB1_to_Put_into_RIVI_Gap. 19. Query out Indigenous Forest land cover class from LCDB1_to_Put_into_RIVI_Gap and insert area by face into Hydrological_Land_Cover_1992_1996_draft. 20. For Hydrological_Land_Cover_1992_1996_draft Update attributes of Hydrological_Landcover_Class where cells are Null to be ‘Other Woody Vegetation’ (based on matrix in EWDOCS # 1226453). 21. Repeat steps 22 and 23 for each remaining LCDB1 class in LCDB1_to_Put_into_RIVI_Gap one at a time. - To append LCDB2 data to Hydrological_Land_Cover_1992_1996_draft where there is no Indigenous Vegetation 1992 or LCDB1 data (this being outside the regional boundary but still in the hydrological catchment). 22. Intersect Hydrological_Land_Cover_2001_2002 data in Upper Waikato Catchment that overlays RIVI_Not_Mapped. Call query LCDB2_to_Fill_Missing_Edges. 23. Query out Other Woody Vegetation land cover class from LCDB2_to_Fill_Missing_Edges and insert area by face into Hydrological_Land_Cover_1992_1996_draft. 24. For Hydrological_Land_Cover_1992_1996_draft Update attributes of Hydrological Landcover Class where cells are Null to be ‘Other Woody Vegetation’ (based on matrix in EWDOCS # 1226453). 25. Repeat steps 26 and 27 for each remaining Hydrological Landcover Class in LCDB2_to_Fill_Missing_Edges one at a time. 26. Analytical merge Hydrological_Land_Cover_1992_1996_draft by hydrological land cover class and output to a feature class called Hydrological_Land_Cover_1992_1996 27. Analyze and fix Geometry. 28. Analyze and automatically fix connectivity at 1m tolerance Data quality: In Hydrological_Land_Cover_1992_1996 there may be some tiny sliver gaps that resulted from the processing but these are insignificant on the scale of the whole catchment. The use of inference from more recent data sets, plus sourcing data from some much older data information, combined with differences in the specifications and classifications used in each data set and the generalization of land cover classes into broad but similar hydrological land cover classes means that both Hydrological_Land_Cover_2001_2002 and Hydrological_Land_Cover_1992_1996 should be considered indicative only. Any maps, analysis or statistics using these two data sets should also be considered indicative only. It is unknown as to the actual percentage error in the classification but a very rough estimate for the whole Upper Waikato catchment is +/- 10% Attribute accuracy: A matrix was used to group the classes from RIVI 1992, LCDB1 and LCDB2 into simple broad hydrologically related land cover classes. Classes in RIVI 1992 were compared to classes in LCDB1 and LCDB2. In many cases this is like comparing apples with oranges as they use different classifications but it was found that the data sets could be roughly grouped into five broad land cover classes that shared similar hydrological characteristics (Agricultural and Horticultural Surfaces, Bare and Impervious Surfaces, Plantation Forest, Indigenous Vegetation, Scrub and Unmanaged Areas, Open Water and Wetland Surfaces). This does result in some generalisations and assumptions that may not be strictly scientifically correct such as; Landslides go under the Bare and Impervious Surfaces class as it’s hydrological characteristics are more similar to Bare and Impervious surfaces than any of the other five surfaces; or, Tussock Grassland goes under Indigenous Vegetation, Scrub and Unmanaged Areas class as it’s hydrological characteristics are generally more similar to Indigenous Vegetation, Scrub and Unmanaged Areas than agricultural or horticultural surfaces. Discrepancies between the classifications and boundaries mapped in RIVI 1992 and LCDB1 and LCDB2 meant that it was impossible to separate indigenous forest from indigenous shrubland and exotic shrubland without having considerable errors in any subsequent analysis. However, it was satisfactory to group them together as Indigenous Vegetation, Scrub and Unmanaged Areas in the context of this project. The final matrix was checked and confirmed by WRC’s terrestrial ecologist by comparing the classification descriptions from all source data sets to see if the classifications were similar in nature and could be grouped under the broader hydrological land cover class. See EWDOCS # 1226453 for the comparison matrix. It should be noted that in this study it was assumed areas of Deciduous Hardwoods were likely to be wetlands, even though this may not always be the case. As mentioned above, in order to create Hydrological_Land_Cover_1992_1996, data had to be sourced from three different data sets from three different times, RIVI 1992, LCDB1 1996 and LCDB2 2001/2002. RIVI 1992 data was available for 49% of the Upper Waikato Catchment when including the Water and Shore data from LCDB2. This RIVI 1992 data was predominantly the secondary and primary vegetation types in units over 25-50 hectares. While this data is dated 1992 it needs to again be emphasized that this data was derived from various sources as old as 1961 and as recent as 1993. What was left unmapped was 51% of the Upper Waikato Catchment, the bulk of this being pastoral land of which all that inside the Waikato regional boundary could be inferred from LCDB1 data. This means that a large portion of the Upper Waikato catchment’s land cover for this data set actually is dated as at 1996, not 1992. However, the bulk of this 1996 data was deemed to be unlikely to have changed much from 1992. Most Exotic Forestry blocks only show mature forestry that would have been present in 1992. Some shrubland may have been cleared between 1992 and 1996 but the total amount is probably negligible on the scale of land use change for the whole Upper Waikato catchment. The final gap in the Hydrological_Land_Cover_1992_1996 data set was some 5,358 ha of land, or 1.2% of the total Upper Waikato catchment, found on the perimeter of the catchment, that was outside the Waikato Regional boundary. Some Spot 3 satellite imagery from 1996, LCDB2 and NZMS260 topomaps were the only data sets available for these areas. All these data sets indicated these areas consisted of either mature exotic forestry or clearfell, mature shrubland, indigenous forest or small areas of pastoral land. All of these areas were relatively remote and given the stable nature of the land uses present as at 2002 it was deemed satisfactory to infer the LCDB2 data to the final gap in the Hydrological_Land_Cover_1992_1996 data set for these areas.
Keywords: Hydrology,Land cover
Topic Category: inlandWaters:inland water features, drainage systems and their characteristics
Resource Reference Date: 20/12/2007

Metadata Constraints

Access Constraints: copyright
Use Constraints: copyright

Maintenance Information

Maintenance frequency: asNeeded
Last Load Date: 08/11/2007

Spatial Representation Information

Recommended Scale:
Reference System: EPSG2193
Spatial Representation Type: vector

VectorGridGeographic Bounding Box
GeometricObjectType : surface
geometricObjectCount : 5
topologyLevel : geometryOnly
Number of Dimensions : 2
Cell Geometry :
Transformation Param Available : N
westBoundLongitude : 1907263.276
eastBoundLongitude : 1820463.705
southBoundLatitude : 5692312.057
northBoundLatitude : 5800853.303

Responsible Parties

Role: author
Position:
Organisation: Waikato Regional Council
Delivery Point: 160 Ward Street
City: Hamilton Central
Postal Code: 3204
Country: New Zealand
Phone:
Fax:
Email:

Data Constraints

Data Access Constraints : copyright
Data Use Constraints: copyright
Data Distribution: Third party, internal permission
Licence Type : To be determined
Licence:
Licence Expiry:
Licence Conditions:
Copyright : Any maps, images, data, figures or statistics showing or derived from these two data sets must show the following acknowledgements and disclaimers: “Land cover data sourced from Waikato Regional Council and derived from RIVI 1992, LCDB1 and/or LCDB2 data sets. This data should be considered indicative only and not be applied to catchments smaller than 10,000 hectares.”
Data Disclaimers : The standard Waikato Regional Council Disclaimer applies to this data “While Waikato Regional Council has exercised all reasonable skill and care in controlling the contents of this information, Waikato Regional Council accepts no liability in contract, tort or otherwise howsoever, for any loss, damage, injury or expense (whether direct, indirect or consequential) arising out of the provision of this information or its use by you.”
Data Use Limits :

Download Links

URLFormatNotes

Supporting Information Links

URLFormatNotes

General Notes:

Attribute Information

NameDescriptionNotesRestrictedPrimary Key
HYDROLOGICAL_LANDCOVER_CLASS Text (50) = (Agricultural and Horticultural Surfaces, Bare and Impervious Surfaces, Plantation Forest, Indigenous Vegetation, Scrub and Unmanaged Areas, Open Water and Wetland Surfaces) N N
GEOMETRY N N
ID Primary key N N